[139] The Soncor fallout deposit contains a basal gravelly layer and several layers of andesitic and dacitic pumice which also contain lithics. [61] Remnants of a previous edifice are visible in the craters; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the eastern cone. Written By. The equilibrium line at Lascar was at an altitude of 4,7004,800 metres (15,40015,700ft) during the last glacial maximum. [54], Large lava flows are noticeable on the flanks of the volcano,[34] with a total of eight lava flows recognized. [224] During the following days, additional explosions generated columns up to 3 kilometres (1.9mi) high, with little ash production. [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. Wiki User. The Cascades are a chain of volcanoes at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate is subducting beneath a continental plate. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. What makes an effective presentation + effective presentation strategies Aug. 12, 2022 [1][39] Aguas Calientes is older than Lascar,[36] and it might share a magma chamber. [227], The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile considers Lascar Chile's 14th most dangerous volcano,[237] and in 2020 classified it as a "type I" volcano. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. lascar volcano volcano type stratco or composite eruption history volcano location type of lava flow eruption type last eruption:October 31 Chile andesite plate boundaries and where the volcano is formed or located how lascar was formed plate boundaries: convergent subduction. Walter, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is based on the measurement of the time delay between the emission of a laser pulse and the reception of the echos that return from target objects. Global Volcanism Network, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. During earthquakes which type of fault results when one plate is compressed up onto . [142], Ignimbrite was channeled to the Salar de Atacama by the Quebrada de Chaile, Quebrada de Soncor and Quebrada de Talabre canyons and some smaller valleys, northeastwards by the Quebrada de Morro Blanco and as far as 11 kilometres (6.8mi) southeastwards over the Pampa Leija area. Plate tectonics has an influence on every part of the world. [6] Toconao and San Pedro de Atacama lie 34 kilometres (21mi) and 68 kilometres (42mi) from the volcano, respectively. [57] Recorded eruptions occurred in 1858, 1875, 18831885, 18981900(?) It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. Eruptions in 1972 and 1974 are uncertain. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. [154] This debris avalanche is 50 metres (160ft) thick and 25 kilometres (16mi) long. [248], Volcanic activity at Lascar affects neighbouring ecosystems such as the Aguas Calientes crater lake and Laguna Lejia; flamingos disappeared from the latter after the 1993 eruption and did not return until 2007. The Branches of Geology and Career 4. [45] An area of increased electrical conductivity has been identified beneath Lascar and extends to some neighbouring volcanoes, reaching a depth of over 6 kilometres (3.7mi) south of Lascar. [67] Additional component minerals found at Lascar include anorthite, augite bordering on diopside, bronzite, fassaite, forsterite, hypersthene, pigeonite and more. [203], This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4[35][129] and a duration of 32 hours,[8] and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. [216][217], An eruption in July 2000 was seen from Chuquicamata, and the noise was audible as far as San Antonio de los Cobres, 160 kilometres (99mi) away. Lithic rocks derived both from the pre-Soncor volcano and the basement are also represented. [114] Finally, Lascar is vigorous producer of sulfate dust particles,[113] which are released at a rate of about 100,000 trillion particles per second. [72] At least four alignments of volcanoes are recognized in the region. [227] Between January 2014 and June 2016, about 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes per month were recorded. High quantities of arsenic have been observed in local crops. [141] The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. Panorama from the Lascar Southern pyroclastic flow. [9], Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the 5,293-metre-high (17,365ft) Cerro Corona and 5,192-metre-high (17,034ft) Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively. [148] The total volume of the Soncor eruption products has been estimated to be either 5.6 cubic kilometres (1.3cumi) dense rock equivalent or 10 cubic kilometres (2.4cumi) net volume, both minimum estimates. The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit. The San Andreas Fault Zone is not the only active transform plate boundary with U. S. National Park Service sites. [170] While eruptions before 1993 had always been preceded by a reduction in heat radiated from the volcano, such a reduction in 19992000 did not lead to an eruption, and when an eruption took place in July 2000, it was preceded by only a brief drop in heat radiation. [227] Measurements made on the southwest rim of the main crater in 20092012 indicated air temperatures of 1020C (5068F). [220], Further activity occurred in May 2005, with a 810-kilometre-high (5.06.2mi) ash cloud, and in April 2006. The magma supplied to the volcano ultimately comes from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. [132] Temperatures have been estimated to be 7401,060C (1,3601,940F) for the andesite and 1,1301,220C (2,0702,230F) for the basaltic andesite. [36] This limestone formation has been identified as the Yacoraite formation. The volcano sent "an eruptive column" of volcanic ash and hot gases 6,000 metres above its crater, the service said. Dacite has more plagioclase and rhyolite. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. [36][44] Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine DevonianCarboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites,[21][37] as well as the volcanic PermianTriassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. [60] These craters are not collapsed calderas,[57] and there is no evidence of the deposits a large explosion would produce. [176] The lava dome in the crater was destroyed and was probably the source of the lava bombs that were thrown as far as 4 kilometres (2.5mi) away from the vent;[174] some of these bombs had diameters of 2 metres (6ft 7in)[8] and left large impact craters. Glowing was also reported in October and November 2013. [132], Lava flows less than 50 metres (160ft) thick issued from the stage I cone and reached lengths of 16 kilometres (9.9mi). [91], Lascar emits plumes of gas and white clouds of condensed water vapor,[29] mostly over many hundreds of fumarolic vents, which are chiefly located in the active crater. The movement of lithospheric plates affects surface features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic and continental plates. [36] Geographically, the area of Lascar is located between the Altiplano and the Salar de Atacama[21] 30 kilometres (19mi) farther west;[37] the terrain at Lascar dips in the direction of the Salar. [27] Given the low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is often little information on their activity. [190], There is a pronounced morphology characterized by a channel upslope and snout-like toes downslope. [129] Lava bombs with diameters of up to 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) were hurled as far as 4 kilometres (2.5mi) from the crater, presumably as a consequence of the lava dome exploding. Volcanoes are most common in these geologically active boundaries. [246], The area around Lascar is one of the driest and highest volcanic settings in the world. [38], Lascar is located in the main volcanic arc, on the western margin of the Altiplano. A major eruption occurred at the Lascar Volcano. Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. [53], Lascar has erupted about thirty times since the 19th century. A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, The Lascar volcano, seen from the Chaxas lagoon on the Gran Salar. [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [117] The presence of argon and nitrogen in low-temperature fumaroles indicates that air is involved in their formation,[100] although a portion of each of these two gases is non-atmospheric. Res. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [195], These flows took a long time to cool down; in the Quebrada Tumbres, they had not cooled down completely by December 1993. [88] Such tremors may be produced by the movement of liquid materials in the volcano. [47] These valleys were probably formed by erosion during glacial periods. [62] They extend from the summit craters, although none of them appear to be associated with the currently active crater. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. [139] The magmas were formed from a remelted proto-pluton that had been heated and resupplied with volatiles by mafic magmas. According to SEGEMAR the pyroclastic flows traveled short distances to the N and SE. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics: specifically the movement, collision and destruction of lithospheric plates (e.g. [214] During April 1993, a new lava dome formed in the crater, reaching a diameter of 380 metres (1,250ft). [36] The valleys drain the western, northern and southwestern slopes of Lascar. In South America, a safety warning was issued by Chilean officials after the Lascar volcano erupted a giant cloud of smoke comprising of volcanic ash and hot gases up to twenty thousand feet into the sky on Saturday. Add an answer . [60] This eruption was the last effusive eruption of Lascar, when later lava domes are excluded. Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows traveled short distances the... Avalanche is 50 metres ( 160ft ) thick and 25 kilometres ( 16mi ) long is not the only transform! Western, northern and southwestern slopes of Lascar formed from a remelted proto-pluton that had been heated resupplied... 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