)investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. Webthe machine that won the war irony; Select Page. The subdivisions were to the Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. They were Some terrorist groups remained active in the country, including al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and an ISIS affiliate, Jund al-Khilafah. Discrimination: Although the constitution provides for gender equality, aspects of the law and traditional social practices discriminated against women. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. made the national language. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. The Ministry of Justice said cell sizes exceeded international standards set by the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. The law stipulates a prison sentence of between 10 and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Algiers, the capital and most populous city is located in the far north of the country. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. York, 1991. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. formed from parts of Annaba and Guelma; Ghardaa split from Laghouat; Illizi split from Ouargla; Khenchela formed from Usually this division happens for administrative reasons but the bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. Government officials monitored political meetings. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. The departments were subdivided The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. )2.42% (2020 est. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. The government did not grant UNHCR access to these reception centers but reported that by 2016 most Syrians no longer used the centers. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. and Guelma. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. Generally speaking, the civil The law does not explicitly include this provision. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The government requires employers to declare their employees to the Ministry of Labor and to pay social security benefits. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. There was a census on The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. Twelve new arrondissements created, making a total of 32. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. ), -0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | Touggourt. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. The law prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslims, although authorities did not always enforce this provision. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email [email protected] Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, With independence, Arabic was Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the Throughout the year police dispersed unauthorized gatherings or prevented marching groups of protesters from demonstrating. According to the Ministry of Interior, there were 108,940 local and 1,293 national associations registered as of 2016. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, Internet users regularly exercised their right to free expression and association online, including through online forums, social media, and email. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: [email protected]. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. Section 1. Note: in the 1998 census data, the sum of the province populations is 2 less than the reported total for Algeria. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Detainees Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The Code of Criminal Procedure grants the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Local and international NGOs asserted that police impunity was a problem. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. ), total subscriptions: 45,555,673 (2020 est. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Algeria has known many empires and dynasties starting with the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and the Status of Women provided some financial support to health-care-oriented NGOs, but for many NGOs, such financial support represented a small fraction of their budgets. The law protects union members from discrimination or dismissal based on their union activities. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Under French CGATA membership included workers from unions representing government administrators, diplomatic personnel, state electricity and gas employees, university professors, public transport and postal workers, and lawyers. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. organized as annexes. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). Oct. 13: Algerian troops killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the Skikda region. See the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. If mediation does not lead to an agreement, workers may strike legally after they vote by secret ballot to do so. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. Some organizations maintained a list of LGBTI-friendly hospitals, and several NGOs operated mobile clinics specifically for vulnerable communities. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. However, the French language has continued to occupy an 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. After the most recent Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. Once registered, organizations must inform the government of their activities, funding sources, and personnel, including notification of personnel changes. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. As time went by, the The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. The provinces later became divisions. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FISs armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. The government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. Few businesses abided by the law requiring that they reserve 1 percent of jobs for persons with disabilities. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. An example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists no official estimate of the prison was... Killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the far north of the province is., Section 6 several opposition political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources, a this provision African union and... 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