[8] Growing bountiful produce, raising many children, and being a faithful wife were signs that led to an elevated status as well as respect among the natives. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. These people were called the Ikoneta, and referred to by the French as berdache. The Illinois Confederation, also referred to as the Illiniwekor Illini, were made up of 12 to 13 tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley. [14] In 1867, they resettled in a new reservation in Northeast Oklahoma and were eventually joined by members of the Miami Tribe, who became an official part of their new confederation in 1873. The tribes that arrived in east-central Illinois fought with the Illiniwek over land and resources and brought diseases like smallpox. Each of these countries had significant impacts on the American Indians of east-central Illinois. [7][14], Some of the Illinois people's prominent enemies were the Lakota (Sioux), Osage, Pawnee, Sac and Fox Nation and Arikara to the west and the Quapaw, Shawnee, and Chickasaw to the south. Their numbers were further reduced after Europeans arrived and they were exposed to infectious diseases to which they had no natural immunity. The whites first carne in actual contact with them (unless it be true that Nicollet visited them) at La Pointe (Shaugawaumikong), where Allouez met a party in 1667, which was visiting that point for purposes of trade. With this, they get to live with their huge family tree inside one establishment. In 1833 the survivors, represented by the Kaskaskia and Peoria, sold their lands in Illinois and removed west of the Mississippi, and are now in the northeast corner of Oklahoma, consolidated with the Wea and Piankashaw. At this time the village consisted of 74cabins and was occupied by one tribe only. Would you like to help support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages?
