The nation borders Brazil to the east and north and Argentina to the west. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. [130], In 2021, Uruguay had, in terms of installed renewable electricity, 1,538 MW in hydropower, 1,514 MW in wind power (35th largest in the world), 258 MW in solar power (66nd largest in the world), and 423 MW in biomass. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). Though 90% of Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. [11] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charra people, when the Portuguese first established Colnia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. [166], The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). Please let us know how we can help. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [159] Popular bands of the Uruguayan Invasion sang in English. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). [111] However, 54% is in the hands of 11% of farmers, who have a minimum of 500 head. However, simply walking the streets allows tourists to experience the city's colorful culture. [42], The Colorado leader Jos Batlle y Ordez was elected president in 1903. The members of the Supreme Court are elected by the General Assembly; the members of the Bench are selected by the Supreme Court with the consent of the Senate, and the Judges are directly assigned by the Supreme Court. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. [45] The Admiral Graf Spee took refuge in Montevideo, claiming sanctuary in a neutral port, but was later ordered out.[45]. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. Typical dishes include: "Asado uruguayo" (big grill or barbecue of all types of meat), roasted lamb, Chivito (sandwich containing thin grilled beef, lettuce, tomatoes, fried egg, ham, olives and others, and served with French fries), Milanesa (a kind of fried breaded beef), tortellini, spaghetti, gnocchi, ravioli, rice and vegetables. [60], In 2014, Tabar Vzquez was elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term, which began on 1 March 2015. As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. Casapueblo is a "livable sculpture" and draws thousands of visitors from around the world. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics. The siege of Montevideo was lifted and the Guerra Grande finally came to an end. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. [33], As a result, Artigas broke with Buenos Aires and besieged Montevideo, taking the city in early 1815. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. Their names and assignments are listed below. (eds.) [73], The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. [25] The Post-Impressionist painter Pedro Figari achieved international renown for his pastel studies of subjects in Montevideo and the countryside. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. [25] Early classical music in Uruguay showed heavy Spanish and Italian influence, but since the 20th century a number of composers of classical music, including Eduardo Fabini, Vicente Ascone[es], and Hctor Tosar, have made use of Latin American musical idioms. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. Uruguay hat im Norden eine 985 km lange Grenze mit Brasilien und im Westen eine 579 km lange Grenze mit Argentinien. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. manufacturing plant. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of Colonia Valdense, Colonia Department. [52], In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. [32] Following the referendum, the armed forces announced a plan for the return to civilian rule, and national elections were held in 1984. Tourism and banking are also important sectors; Uruguay acts as a regional hub for international finance and tourism. [25] Bsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. By 1879, the total population of the country was over 438,500. This includes the new Rwanda Kigali and Hawaii Laie missions. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. 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