A complex set of interconnected webs (source: EPRI, 2002present). Configurable and field upgradeable power supplies with output power from 50kW to 400kW. This system is an intelligent residual current fire monitoring detector. Moreover, numerous types of communication media and protocols are used in the communication and control of power systems. upcoming events and courses, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) & Building Information Modeling (BIM), Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), Global Environmental Leadership and Sustainability, System Administration, Networking and Security, Burke Lectureship on Religion and Society, California Workforce and Degree Completion Needs, UC Professional Development Institute (UCPDI), Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA), Introduction to Cybersecurity in the Smart Energy Environment, Introduction to Distributed Energy Resources in the Electric Grid, Electronics and Telecommunications Review: Math, Circuits and Signals, Microgrid Design, Economic Optimization and Simulation, Overview of traditional of distribution systems, Challenges of integrating of distributed energy resources into the distribution systems, Advanced protection systems, feeder automation and reconfiguration, Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLSIR), Grasp the structure of the evolving distribution systems, Learn the nature of distribution loads and their characterization, Master the depth of distribution reliability and relevance of reliability indices, Assimilate the impact of distribution feeder voltage regulation, Understand the value of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) in todays dx system, Comprehend the impacts of selected distribution automation applications, Identify the challenges with Distributed Energy Resources on dx systems, Learn the salient points of smart meters, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and applications, Distribution Management Systems (DMS), and Outage Management System (OMS). However, if islanding prevention fails, energized lines within the island present a shock hazard to unsuspecting utility line workers who think the lines are dead.[6]. __gtagDataLayer(type, name, parameters); Military & Defense. Additionally, the charging station terminal where the user pays for and plugs in his electric vehicle needs to be made safe so that unskilled persons may use the station. Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. A smart grid is literally an "intelligent" electricity grid. } parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; Since smart grids will involve the merger of new and familiar technologies, it would make sense to take a modular approach to safety. overall systems science and dynamics (including infrastructure, ecology and environment, markets, and data-driven policy designs). P. H. Corredor and M. E. Ruiz, Against all odds, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. Increased use of electronic automation raises significant issues regarding the adequacy of operational security, if security provisions are not built in. Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. The usage of SPFC is required at each level of distribution, transmission and generation systems in a clustered form. In Compliance is a leading source of news, information, education, and inspiration for electrical and electronics engineering professionals. One possible means of increasing the physical security of power lines is to bury them. } Because Power System Operation, by Robert Miller and James Malinowski, presents more of the fundamental principles and methods dispatchers and operators need in a clear, easy-to-understand style. A smart power system gives its users intelligible monitoring and maintenance of the power being driven to your security system. } 'eventLabel': 'event_label', One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. AMI introduces serious privacy concerns, as immense amounts of energy use information will be stored at the meter. return null; /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. This article is a survey of smart grid literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the smart grid. var gaMap = { The cost of this DC storage system is only $160 per kWh compared with contemporary storage units at $400-$1000 per kWh, 14 and thus it is ideal for the low-cost energy storage of renewable energy in public and private utility grids. Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an approach to integrating electrical consumers based upon the development of open standards. return new Tracker(); Such arguments have led to the recent moratoriums on AMI installations in numerous northern California communities and other areas throughout the country. Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. 'eventLabel': arguments[4], Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg var p = Tracker.prototype; 'eventAction': 'page_view', They provide safe load control switching to ground for resistive and inductive loads depending on the control voltage. return true; It is viewed as the necessary next step in order to modernize the power distribution grids, but there is no single view on what shape or format the smart grid will take. The end vision of the smart grid consists of a highly developed electrical platform that engages consumers, enhances efficiency, ensures reliability, and enables integration of renewable energy and electric transportation. return; Smart Grids can be achieved by implementing efficient transmission & distribution systems, system operations, consumer integration and renewable integration. 5, pp. All rights reserved. 24, no. They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. IEC 60950-22 for Outdoor Information Technology and Communication Circuits, As both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 62368-1 standards reference IEC 60950-22 as a supplemental standard for equipment installed outdoors. This would require the highest levels of guarding against intentional access to hazardous voltages. But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . All of these infrastructures are complex networksgeographically dispersed, nonlinear, and interacting both among themselves and with their human owners, operators, and users (see Figure 1). Anthony M. Giacomoni is with the University of Minnesota. Within a substation control network, it is common to find commercial telephone lines as well as wireless, microwave, optical fiber, and Internet connections. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; var em_no_track_reason = ''; NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 101: Life Safety Code NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, Article 517: Health Care Facilities, Article 700: Emergency Systems, Article 701: Legally Required Standby Systems, Article 702: Optional Standby Systems, and Article 708: Critical Operations Power Systems With increased benefit, however, has come increased risk. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. To operate the electric systems in safe mode, the power system component should be equipped with intelligent controllers. It is not yet known what the smart-grid killer app is going to be, but like pre-season predictions of who is going to win the Super Bowl or the World Cup, some think that it is going to be plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and possibly full electric vehicles (EVs). Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. }; And they must also be robust as they will be deployed in very insecure locations. Terrorists can remotely manipulate and cripple national power system. 2004. } if (em_track_user) { Locally-generated electrical energy, such as that from photovoltaic systems, needs to be stored during accumulation cycles for use during peak demand cycles. REED CITY, MISmart Power has introduced an exciting and powerful control system for its generators using an SAE J1939 approved format that integrates with a vehicle's multiplexing system. The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. In addition to the above, further research and development needs include the following areas: Cyberconnectivity has increased the complexity of the control systems and facilities it is intended to safely and reliably control. IEC 62368-1, Edition 1.0, 2010-01, Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. dataLayer.push(arguments); __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); function __gtagTracker() { a fault, electrical power is supplied from the installed DGs, and an optimized reconguration is demonstrated in some congurations. The solar capability offers a valuable safety net. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. In April 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that cyber spies had infiltrated the U.S. electric grid and left behind software that could be used to disrupt the system. (function () { Due to the gravity of these threats, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) policy statement on the smart grid states that cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the smart grid and that the development of cybersecurity standards is a key priority. S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. Figure 3. Smart meters, however, are extremely attractive targets for exploitation, since vulnerabilities can be easily monetized through manipulated energy costs and measurement readings. Additional consideration must also be given to the cost and impact the security features will have on AMI system operations. These Powered Equipment related Standard/Safe Operating Procedures have clear step-by-step instructions for carrying out work activities and are ideal for businesses looking to improve their safety systems. Contact: For more information about this course, please email [email protected], Course Number:ECE-40314 Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. Thus, with smart grid, there is the potential to modernize and advance the architecture of the power systems technology in the 21st century, as the newer technology has already advanced the telecommunications technology. Safety of smart Grid Data Security: . History of Evolution John Woltman, president of Smart Power Systems, says the company's generators "will uniquely provide trucks J1939-compatible communication plus advanced diagnostic capabilities." while Thomas Edison would be totally familiar with the modern electrical grid [2]. Percentage of critical infrastructure enterprise executives reporting large-scale DDoS attacks and their frequency (source: McAfee). 'eventCategory': 'event_category', This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. })(); 'value': arguments[5] ? [3]. Next Step: After completing this course, consider taking other courses in the Power Systems Engineering certificate program to continue learning. It also contains optimization, which ensures that power generation costs are reduced. Either software patching or the ability to rapidly identify and isolate the exploited systems must be enabled in order to minimize downtime. $(document).ready(function() { Currently, there are very few automatic railway crossing systems available . IEC 60950-22, Edition 1.0, 2005-10, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 22: Equipment to be Installed Outdoors, International Electrotechnical Commission. Smart Substations: substations are included monitoring and control non-critical and critical operational data such as power status, power factor performance, breaker, security, transformer status, etc. These include the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), a joint program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); EPRIs Enterprise Information Security (EIS) program; EPRIs post9/11 Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI); and various North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) initiatives, such as its information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), public key infrastructure (PKI), and spare equipment database. if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { Some of these components are vulnerable to saboteurs with explosives or just high-powered rifles. The report also documented the potential costs of widespread outages, estimating them to be in the range of US$1 to US$5 per kWh of disrupted service, depending on the length of the outage, the types of customers affected, and a variety of other factors. Power Systems Dr. Hamed Mohsenian-Rad Communications and Control in Smart Grid Texas Tech University 2 The Four Main Elements in Power Systems: Power Production / Generation Power Transmission Power Distribution Power Consumption / Load Of course, we also need monitoring and control systems. } } Such attacks, although troublesome and costly to the local region, affect only a small portion of the overall grid, however. Colombia, for example, has faced up to 200 terrorist attacks per year on its transmission infrastructure over the last 11 years, as reported in a recent IEEE Power & Energy Magazine article by Corredor and Ruiz. Mr. Gies graduated from Rutgers University College of Engineering as an electrical engineer. In these higher overvoltage categories (IV and III), the value of the mains transient voltages is higher than it would be expected for general indoor-use Category II AC-mains connected appliances. We should expect this standard to be used extensively for smart-grid equipment. We could reasonably expect to see some form of communication interfaces and information technology in some appliances that traditionally would never have had such interfaces (washer/dryers, refrigerators, etc.). Accidents frequently happen at railway crossings due to the lack of quickly operating gate systems, and to fewer safety measures at the railway crossing as well. var em_version = '7.12.1'; } else { An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. 2011. The larger the amount of data is, the lower the density of valuable information will be. Smart grid solutions helps to monitor, measure and control power flows in real time that can contribute to identification of losses and thereby appropriate technical and managerial actions . Despite the increase in the utilization of AMI, there has been very little assessment or R&D effort to identify the security needs for such systems. Additionally, intra-campus communication conductors, such as those used for intra-system communications or status alarms, will also need to be protected like telecommunication conductors in accordance with the local electrical code or practices. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. It exponentially increases the cost and difficulty of compromising a system by creating a much stronger defense than the use of any individual component alone, thus reducing the likelihood of an attack. Hence the functions of smart grid can be summarized into the following terms as selfhealing, consumer participation, resist attack, high quality power accommodate generation options, enable electricity markets, optimize assets . 9, no. __gtagTrackerOptout(); For over 30 years more electrical power professionals have used this guide for safe, economical system operation than any other in print. Press and hold the power button for 3 seconds. padding: 0 !important; 2) Consumers driven by vengeance and vindictiveness towards other consumers making them figure out ways to shut down their home's power. if (type === 'event') { (2)A safety monitoring method of power terminal based on power consumption information of power terminal is proposed, which monitors the power consumption information of side channel of power terminal in a nonintrusive way and maps the power consumption of power terminal equipment to its operation status. [2] Mr. Edison would not be familiar with nuclear power plants or photovoltaic cells, as these technologies were developed after his death in 1931. A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; Normally, the customer-owned generation is required to sense the absence of utility-controlled generation and cease energizing the grid. 11741181, July 2009. return false; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. From a strategic viewpoint, long-term developments and research issues relating to the defense of cyber and physical interdependent infrastructure networks must also be considered. if ('event' === arguments[1]) { p.get = noopfn; Islanding is a condition in which a portion of an electric power grid, containing both load and generation, is isolated from the remainder of the electric power grid. } Conversely, an unintentional island can be created when a segment of the utility grid containing only customer-owned generation and load is isolated from the utility control. } else { , lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. return null; Then, it suggests a modular approach of evaluating the safety of smart-grid technology based on the safety requirements of the individual merged technologies. OPERATION Ensure batteries are installed (refer to battery wiring section). Within less than a year after the August 2007 collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a city of sorts on the south side of the former bridge took shape, complete with a host of heavy-duty equipment pieces, temporary on-site areas for casting and other tasks, and crews constantly at work. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. About Smart Power -. /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ try { The DOE has also stated that the ability to resist attack by identifying and responding to disruptions caused by sabotage is one of the smart grids seven crucial functions. Sign up to hear about Choose Heat or Cool from the mode options. Move the DC breaker on the side of the machine up to the "ON" position. For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. var newtracker = function () { var noopfn = function () { In order to defend electric infrastructure against the impacts of cyber and physical attacks, significant challenges must therefore be overcome before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. The proposed system enhances electrical safety by fast disconnection of the power supply in case of fault events like leakage current, electrical arc, overcurrent or overvoltage and has been designed with the goal to be integrated in smart environments . /*
safe operation of a smart power system
